This first rash fades in a few days. Third stage. This second rash is flat, purple-red, and looks lacy. It is painless, but may be slightly itchy. The second rash may take 1 to 3 weeks to go away entirely. It may get better or worse during this time. Your child's healthcare provider may do a blood test to check for the virus. However, it is usually diagnosed by the appearance of the distinctive rash.
In some cases, tests may be done to rule out other health problems. Fifth disease needs no treatment. A child is most contagious before the rash appears and is not contagious after the rash appears. Once a person has fifth disease, they usually cannot get it again. Good hand hygiene is the best way to prevent the spread of fifth disease in school, child care , and at home.
Remind children to throw away used tissues and make sure that surfaces and objects that children touch are cleaned and sanitized regularly. When you see a rash, your child is no longer contagious. Fifth disease is often mild and goes away with some rest and recovery at home. Your doctor may suggest acetaminophen for fever, aches, or pain. The virus can affect the way the body makes red blood cells, the cells that carry oxygen through the body.
This puts children who have a blood disorder or weak immune system at serious risk if they catch the virus. The virus can also cause red blood cell counts to drop so low that a blood transfusion is needed. Children with cancer such as leukemia , HIV infection, and certain types of anemia low red blood cell counts such as from sickle cell disease , often must go to the hospital if they catch fifth disease.
If your child has any of these conditions, check with your doctor at the first sign of the rash. Most times, fifth disease does not cause problems for pregnant women and their babies. Rarely, serious problems can occur if the virus gets passed on and makes it hard for the fetus to make red blood cells.
This can lead to severe anemia that causes hydrops fetalis , a buildup of fluid that can lead to heart failure or death. Pregnant women with fifth disease may need to have the following tests :.
Cordocentesis, a procedure to check umbilical cord blood and find out how severe your baby's anemia is. Usually, the anemia is not severe. If you or your child is diagnosed with fifth disease, you should let any pregnant women know who may have been exposed.
There are many other skin rash illnesses, but not all of them look the same. Some--like measles , rubella German measles , and chicken pox varicella --are easy to prevent if your child is up to date on immunizations.
Fifth disease is usually mild for children and adults who are otherwise healthy. But for some people, parvovirus B19 infection can cause serious health complications, such as chronic anemia that requires medical treatment. You may be at risk for serious complications from fifth disease if you have a weakened immune system caused by leukemia, cancer, organ transplants, or HIV infection. Parvovirus B19—which causes fifth disease—spreads through respiratory secretions, such as saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus, when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
After you get the rash you are not likely to be contagious, so it is usually safe for you or your child to go back to work or school. People with fifth disease who have weakened immune systems may be contagious for a longer amount of time. Parvovirus B19 can also spread through blood or blood products. A pregnant woman who is infected with parvovirus B19 can pass the virus to her baby. Once you recover from fifth disease, you develop immunity that generally protects you from parvovirus B19 infection in the future.
They can also do a blood test to determine if you are susceptible or possibly immune to parvovirus B19 infection or if you were recently infected. This is not a routine test but can be performed in special circumstances. The blood test may be particularly helpful for pregnant women who may have been exposed to parvovirus B19 and are suspected to have fifth disease.
Any pregnant woman who may have been exposed to parvovirus B19 should contact their obstetrician or healthcare provider as soon as possible. In most cases, these babies will not have any problems. However, sometimes a baby will develop severe anemia. Last updated: November What are the symptoms of fifth disease? There may be no symptoms or only mild symptoms. Symptoms may also include an upset stomach nausea and diarrhea. It starts as a very red rash on the cheeks that looks like the face has been slapped.
After 1 to 4 days, a red, lace-like rash appears, first on the torso and arms, and then spreads to the rest of the body.
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