Type 2 diabetes It is the most common type, accounting for about 90—95 percent of all diabetes cases in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC. However, while genetic factors may play a role, experts believe that lifestyle factors, including diet and exercise, have the most significant impact. Apart from family history, other factors increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, including:.
Certain groups of people also have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes occurs during up to 14 percent of all pregnancies in the U.
There are not usually any symptoms, but it can increase the risk of delivery complications and other problems. Gestational diabetes usually passes after delivery, but type 2 diabetes may then develop, sometimes soon after the pregnancy is over or several years later.
Doctors are unsure why it happens, and there is no clear inheritance pattern. However, a woman with gestational diabetes often has a family member with diabetes, usually type 2. Diabetes insipidus is a completely different condition from type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Diabetes insipidus, however, does not affect insulin or the way that the body uses blood sugar. Instead, it results from a malfunction in the pituitary gland and affects the production of the hormone vasopressin.
This changes the balance of water in the body. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, a genetic condition that develops after a parent has passed on a genetic mutation. Neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus , which is partly hereditary and genetic, but it can also stem from other factors, such as an injury or a tumor.
A person with diabetes insipidus can become dehydrated very easily. They will need to drink lots of water and urinate frequently. In someone with the condition, dehydration can lead to confusion, low blood pressure , seizures, and a coma. Researchers have yet to discover all the genetic risk factors for diabetes, and it is not yet possible for everyone to have genetic testing to determine their risk.
However, people who know that they are more likely to develop the condition can often take steps to reduce their risk. Genetic testing can predict type 1 diabetes and distinguish between types 1 and 2 in some people. Researchers are still working on genetic tests that can predict type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Doctors believe that, in many cases, it is possible to prevent type 2 diabetes by making certain lifestyle changes. The American Diabetes Association recommend starting routine screening from the age of Several factors must come together for you to develop type 2 diabetes.
For example, environmental factors such as having obesity or a sedentary lifestyle play a role. Several gene mutations have been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes. These gene mutations can interact with the environment and each other to further increase your risk. Type 2 diabetes is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Scientists have linked several gene mutations to a higher diabetes risk. Not everyone who carries a mutation will get diabetes.
However, many people with diabetes do have one or more of these mutations. It can be difficult to separate genetic risk from environmental risk. The latter is often influenced by your family members. For example, parents with nutrient-dense and balanced eating habits are likely to pass them on to the next generation.
On the other hand, genetics plays a big part in determining weight. Studies of twins suggest that type 2 diabetes might be linked to genetics. These studies were complicated by the environmental influences that also affect type 2 diabetes risk. To date, numerous mutations have been shown to affect type 2 diabetes risk.
The contribution of each gene is generally small. However, each additional mutation you have seems to increase your risk. In general, mutations in any gene involved in controlling glucose levels can increase your risk for type 2 diabetes. It is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States.
The risk of diabetes varies by ethnic and geographic background. It also has a higher prevalence among people of African American or Hispanic ancestry than those of non-Hispanic white or Asian ancestry.
Geographically, diabetes is most prevalent in the southern and Appalachian regions of the United States. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing worldwide.
Due to an increase in inactive sedentary lifestyles, obesity, and other risk factors, the frequency of this disease has more than quadrupled in the past 35 years.
The causes of type 2 diabetes are complex. This condition results from a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, some of which have not been identified. Studies have identified at least DNA variations that are associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Most of these changes are common and are present both in people with diabetes and in those without. Each person has some variations that increase risk and others that reduce risk. It is the combination of these changes that helps determine a person's likelihood of developing the disease.
The majority of genetic variations associated with type 2 diabetes are thought to act by subtly changing the amount, timing, and location of gene activity expression. These changes in expression affect genes involved in many aspects of type 2 diabetes, including the development and function of beta cells in the pancreas , the release and processing of insulin , and cells' sensitivity to the effects of insulin.
However, for many of the variations that have been associated with type 2 diabetes, the mechanism by which they contribute to disease risk is unknown. Genetic variations likely act together with health and lifestyle factors to influence an individual's overall risk of type 2 diabetes.
All of these factors are related, directly or indirectly, to the body's ability to produce and respond to insulin. August 10, Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes.
November Gestational Diabetes. April What Is Monogenic Diabetes? University of Chicago Medicine. September 18, By subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Health Topics.
Health Tools. Reviewed: September 24, Medically Reviewed. The result is hyperglycemia , when the level of glucose in the blood is too high, according to the American Diabetes Association ADA.
The disorder affects about 5 percent of the estimated This form of diabetes usually appears in childhood or early adulthood, which is why it was previously known as juvenile diabetes, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC.
But it can occur at any age. Autoantibodies that attack the insulin-producing beta cells may be in the blood for years before a diagnosis is made, according to the ADA. In the United States, white people have higher rates of type 1 diabetes than other racial and ethnic groups. So do people globally who live in colder, northern climates.
Furthermore, type 1 diabetes onset is more likely to happen in the winter months.
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