The power loom is a mechanised device used to weave cloth and tapestry. It was one of the key developments in the industrialisation of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution.
Edmund Cartwright designed the first power loom in , but it was in the following year that it was built. It continued to be refined over the next 47 years until a design by Kenworthy and Bullough, named the Lancashire loom, made the operation completely automatic. By , there were , power looms in operation in England. Fifty years later the Northrop loom was invented, which replenished the shuttle when it was empty. This replaced the Lancashire loom. Edmund Cartwright was inspired to create the loom by the cotton mills in England during the Industrial Revolution.
The automated weaving process sped up weaving production significantly and thus, the textile industry benefitted enormously from the invention of the power loom.
Even though Cartwright invented the power loom, he did not receive much money from it. This, combined with the destruction of his factory, led him to bankruptcy. Prologue One of the most significant events in world history was the Industrial Revolution.
It had a great impact upon what was to become the modern world. Before the innovations of the Industrial Revolution, most production depended on water, wind and especially human energy. Before factories, there were cottage industries. These industries comprised of many producers working from their home. Business operators would travel around the world to buy raw materials and deliver them to the people who would work for them. They then came later and collected the finished goods in order to sell or deliver them to another market.
The people working here had both the time and desire to earn additional income especially during winter when there was little work to do. One of the factors which allowed the Industrial Revolution to take place in Western Europe was the presence of these business people who had the ability to expand the scale of their operations. However, by the mids, new methods of production were being developed across Europe, especially in Great Britain.
This transition led to the factory system, which was the creation of factories in centralised locations such as industrial towns and cities.
This period of innovation continued throughout the 19th century and led to many new inventions by now famous inventors. The Industrial Revolution led to many inventions and more automation or mechanisation. Some of the significant inventions or innovations included: the power loom, cotton gin, steam engine, telephone, light bulb, flying shuttle, automobile and many more!
He had four brothers who were highly accomplished. One of them named John was a naval officer who fought for political reforms. Another named George was a trader who explored Newfoundland and Labrador.
His father was the Reverend E. Cartwright, and he followed his footsteps as he first became a clergyman. However, later on, he would become known as an inventor. He married at the age of 19 to Elizabeth McMac and they had a daughter named Elizabeth who would become an author under the pseudonym Mrs Markham. It is safe to assume that the accomplishments of his brothers may have had an influence upon him. However, his ambitions would only appear in his later years.
Power Loom In his 40s, Edmund Cartwright began experimenting with his inventions. Inspired by the cotton spinning wheels invented by Richard Arkwright while on a trip working for the church, he suddenly wished to create a machine for weaving. He did not have any experience in this field, however. Many people were skeptical and regarded his ideas as nonsense. After seeing the spinning machines, Cartwright thought that he could make something similar for weaving, an invention he would later call the power loom.
He began working on the designs of the machine in and fully built it in with the help of a carpenter. Although the design was simplistic at first, he strived for and patented another loom. His patent served as the model for later inventors to work upon.
He continued to make improvements to his power loom until he had developed a productive machine. After establishing a factory in Doncaster, he began to mass produce the machine. Sadly, Cartwright had no experience or knowledge in business and industry. He was never able to successfully market his power looms but continued to test new inventions in his factory.
The main task of the weavers employed by Cartwright was repairing broken threads on the machine. Although these power looms were now performing well, Cartwright was a poor businessman and he eventually went bankrupt.
In William Horrocks, a Stockport cotton manufacturer, patented an improved power-loom. It featured a more effective way of winding the woven cloth onto a beam at the back of the loom.
Over the next twenty years further improvements took place and by Richard Guest was able to claim that "a boy or girl aged fourteen or fifteen could manage two power-looms and could produce three and a half times as much as the best handloom weaver ". By there were , cotton power-looms in Britain, of which nearly , were in Lancashire. Birth of Industrial Revolution.
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